6. AKTIV/PASSIV
a. I den aktive sætning er den handlende grundled: He killed the lion. Omvendt i den passive sætning: The lion was killed (by him).
Passiv dannes ved, at man tager genstandsleddet i den aktive sætning (lion) og gør det til grundled i den passive sætning. Den handlende (agens) bliver til styrelse i et præpositionsled (by him). På amerikansk engelsk – især i talesproget – bruges ofte get til at lave passiv: "Your fucking dog got kidnapped by some mystery maniac". Det betragtes ikke som "pænt engelsk", men er meget anvendt i talesproget.
Ex på passiv:
Nutid | Datid | Førnutid | Førdatid | |
Simpel tid | The lion is teased | The lion was teased | The lion has been teased | The lion had been teased |
Udvidet tid | The lion is being teased (løven er ved at blive drillet) | The lion was being teased (Løven var ved at blive drillet) |
b. Bland ikke be + ing-form sammen med passiv: The lion is teasing (the rabbit) er aktiv form og betyder noget andet end the lion is teased/the lion is being teased
Lav følgende sætninger om til passiv 1. simpel tid, 2. udvidet tid (hvor det er muligt):
Ret den følgende sætning til pænt engelsk:
"There's no question that the minute I got elected, the storm clouds on the horizon were getting nearly directly overhead."—Washington, D.C., May 11, 2001
Kommenter brugen af aktiv og passiv i følgende sætninger:
"People make suggestions on what to say all the time. I'll give you an example; I don't read what's handed to me. People say, 'Here, here's your speech, or here's an idea for a speech.' They're changed. Trust me."
-Interview with the New York Times, March 15, 2000
"First, we would not accept a treaty that would not have been ratified, nor a treaty that I thought made sense for the country."—On the Kyoto accord in an interview with the Washington Post, April 24, 2001
Interaktiv øvelse i passiv 1
, øvelse i passiv 2
SUPPLERENDE ØVELSE:
Find eksempler på aktiv og passiv i teksten herunder og omdan til passiv i højre side:
Characterise forms of verb: | Turn into passive: |
ANGUISHED Sir Paul McCartney dashed to daughter Stella’s side as his marriage broke up, it emerged yesterday. | He flew there: |
He flew by helicopter to her country estate to pour out his feelings before his split from Heather Mills, 38, was announced. | He poured out his feelings: |
Ex-Beatle Sir Paul, 63, took off from his own vast spread in Sussex and touched down near Stella’s 250-acre pile near Pershore, Worcestershire. | They took him to the helicopter airport: |
A source said: “Paul landed on the Sunday afternoon. | A source said: |
“He looked very tired and drawn and deep in
thought. |
They expressed worry at his condition: |
“Obviously he wanted to break the news of his split with Heather to Stella in person before it became public knowledge.” | They broke the news: |
Sir Paul is believed to have flown out again the following day. | They said he flew out: |
He has not been seen publicly since.
|
They report his whereabouts are unknown: |