6. AKTIV/PASSIV              

a. I den aktive sætning er den handlende grundled: He killed the lion. Omvendt i den passive sætning: The lion was killed (by him).

Passiv dannes ved, at man tager genstandsleddet i den aktive sætning (lion) og gør det til grundled i den passive sætning. Den handlende (agens) bliver til styrelse i et præpositionsled (by him). På amerikansk engelsk – især i talesproget – bruges ofte get til at lave passiv: "Your fucking dog got kidnapped by some mystery maniac". Det betragtes ikke som "pænt engelsk", men er meget anvendt i talesproget.

Ex på passiv:

  Nutid Datid Førnutid Førdatid
Simpel tid The lion is teased The lion was teased The lion has been teased The lion had been teased
Udvidet tid The lion is being teased (løven er ved at blive drillet) The lion was being teased (Løven var ved at blive drillet)    

b. Bland ikke be + ing-form sammen med passiv: The lion is teasing (the rabbit) er aktiv form og betyder noget andet end the lion is teased/the lion is being teased

Lav følgende sætninger om til passiv 1. simpel tid, 2. udvidet tid (hvor det er muligt):

He cleaned the kitchen
He washes the clothes every day
They write an essay every month
She lit the candles and then emptied the ashtrays
The hunters shot the pheasants in cold blood
They gave the patient an injection
They accumulated a lot of money
They invest money in stocks
He confused her
She interrupts the child too often
The lifeboat saves many tourists every summer
Our spirits ignite the stars
She arranges the flowers every morning at 7
The H.A’s have raped girls for decades, and the police just do nothing

Ret den følgende sætning til pænt engelsk:

"There's no question that the minute I got elected, the storm clouds on the horizon were getting nearly directly overhead."—Washington, D.C., May 11, 2001

Kommenter brugen af aktiv og passiv i følgende sætninger:

"People make suggestions on what to say all the time. I'll give you an example; I don't read what's handed to me. People say, 'Here, here's your speech, or here's an idea for a speech.' They're changed. Trust me."

-Interview with the New York Times, March 15, 2000

"First, we would not accept a treaty that would not have been ratified, nor a treaty that I thought made sense for the country."—On the Kyoto accord in an interview with the Washington Post, April 24, 2001

Interaktiv øvelse i passiv 1 , øvelse i passiv 2

SUPPLERENDE ØVELSE:

Find eksempler på aktiv og passiv i teksten herunder og omdan til passiv i højre side:

Characterise forms of verb: Turn into passive:
ANGUISHED Sir Paul McCartney dashed to daughter Stella’s side as his marriage broke up, it emerged yesterday. He flew there:
He flew by helicopter to her country estate to pour out his feelings before his split from Heather Mills, 38, was announced. He poured out his feelings:
Ex-Beatle Sir Paul, 63, took off from his own vast spread in Sussex and touched down near Stella’s 250-acre pile near Pershore, Worcestershire. They took him to the helicopter airport:
A source said: “Paul landed on the Sunday afternoon. A source said:
“He looked very tired and drawn and deep in thought.
They expressed worry at his condition:
“Obviously he wanted to break the news of his split with Heather to Stella in person before it became public knowledge.” They broke the news:
Sir Paul is believed to have flown out again the following day. They said he flew out:
He has not been seen publicly since.
They report his whereabouts are unknown: