7. SIMPEL OG UDVIDET TID
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a. Simpel tid: typisk: om det, der plejer at være tilfældet, eller er et generelt faktum: "He smokes cigarettes. It rains a lot in Denmark". "The sun rises in the East and sets in the West".
b. Simpel tid bruges også om en fact-præget opremsning af begivenhedsforløb, der følger efter hinanden: "He went down to the "døgner" to buy cigarettes, then he started his dream car and raced out to the motorway to see how it would behave at a hundred miles an hour. On the way he saw something he would never forget: A man and a woman were making love in a car by the side of the road".
c. Bruges til at gøre en handling mere action-præget: "He was doing his utmost to help me" er mere action-præget og farverigt end: "He did his….."
d. Udvidet tid i nutid: om en igangværende handling, det der er ved at ske lige nu: "He is reading a book" (Han er i færd med at gøre det nu). "He was reading a book", eller: "He sat reading a book".
e. Udvidet tid i datid: Om en handling, der var i gang, men så skete der noget andet: "He was walking down the street when I met him".
f. Ikke alle verber kan optræde i udvidet tid, eller de ændrer betydning i udvidet tid. Verber, der udtrykker momentvise eller øjeblikkelige handlinger, optræder normalt ikke i udvidet tid: "The bomb exploded" (det er vanskeligt at forestille sig, at en bombe kan "være i færd med at eksplodere"). "The bus started with a jerk" (… med et ryk, dvs heller ikke her udvidet tid).
Også andre verber har vanskeligt ved at optræde i udvidet tid, eller de ændrer betydning/betoning. Det gælder en række sanse-/synes-/og føleverber: hear, see, seem, love, think: "I don’t think he is a president for the poor Americans"/"For a long time I’ve been thinking – and I’m still thinking: How can I get a meaningful life? ("think" har forskellige betydning i simpel og udvidet tid).
g. Udvidet tid kan anvendes til at udtrykke irritation: "It is always raining in Denmark, - especially when we’re on vacation" (Det regner da for pokker også altid i Danmark!!).
Hvorfor bruges der simpel tid i sætningerne herunder?:
"The legislature's job is to write law. It's the executive branch's job to interpret law." Austin, Texas, Nov. 22, 2000 "They want the federal government controlling Social Security like it's some kind of federal program." "Cinco de Mayo is not the independence day. That's dieciseis de Septiembre, and ..." -Hardball, MSNBC, May 31, 2000
Forklar brugen af simpel og udvidet tid i sætningerne herunder:
"Actually, I...this may sound a little West Texan to you, but I like it. When I'm talking about...when I'm talking about myself, and when he's talking about myself, all of us are talking about me."
"The fact that he relies on facts...says things that are not factual...are going to undermine his campaign."
Oversæt:
Ja, jeg ryger, men jeg ryger ikke lige nu!. Det kan også godt være, at jeg drikker, men jeg drikker ikke lige nu. Da du kom, sad jeg faktisk og læste en bog. Hvorfor skal du altid kritisere mig? Jeg synes, det er trist, at der er nogle mennesker, der altid skal kritisere andre. Jeg elsker jo dig, og du elsker mig. Derfor gjorde det naturligvis indtryk på mig, at du elskede (make love) med en anden, da jeg besøgte dig sidst.
Interaktiv øvelse med simpel/udvidet tid
Link til video om simpel og udvidet tid.
Vælg simpel eller udvidet tid i
sætningerne herunder og begrund valget:
The throb of techno music shakes/is shaking
this building that used to be a furniture warehouse, in this downtown that used
to be a farm, in this suburban community
that used to be boring. This is/is being a place for BMWs and Benzes now. You
can see beautiful people. They dress/are dressing in tailored suits, cell phones chirp/are chirping in
their pockets, and the martini glasses go/are going from hand to hand. A man
goes/is going to his Porsche. He starts/is starting it with a roar. A beautiful
woman in panther slacks joins/is joining him. They drive/are driving off. You
watch/are watching the whole scene with a feeling of envy: How can I become one
of these beautiful people?
Forklar brugen af simpel og
udvidet tid i følgende sætninger:
Hvorfor bruges der simpel tid i sætningerne herunder?:
"The legislature's job is to write law. It's the executive branch's job to interpret law." Austin, Texas, Nov. 22, 2000
”Cinco de Mayo is not the independence day.
That's dieciseis de Septiembre, and ..." -Hardball, MSNBC, May 31, 2000
Forklar brugen af simpel og udvidet tid i sætningerne herunder:
"Actually, I...this may sound a little
West Texan to you, but I like it. When I'm talking about...when I'm talking
about myself, and when he's talking about myself, all of us are talking about
me."
"The fact that he relies on facts...says
things that are not factual...are going to undermine his campaign."
``People have got to be confident that they're
not being led down the primrose path of fancy financial footwork.'' (Bloomberg
13.8.02)
Oversæt følgende sætninger til dansk:
"I haven't had a chance to talk, but I'm
confident we'll get a bill that I can live with if we don't”
"Presidents, whether things are good or
bad, get the blame. I understand that."
"It's important for young men and women
who look at the Nebraska champs to understand that quality of life is more than
just blocking shots." "I've coined new words, like,
misunderstanding and Hispanically”
Understreg formerne af simpel
og udvidet tid og forklar brugen:
"I've got a reason for running. I talk
about a larger goal, which is to call upon the best of America. It's part of
the renewal. It's reform and renewal. Part of the renewal is a set of high
standards and to remind people that the greatness of America really does depend
on neighbors helping neighbors and children finding mentors (åndelige fædre). I
worry. I'm very worried about, you know, the kid who just wonders whether
America is meant for him. I really worry about that. And uh, so, I'm running
for a reason. I'm answering this question here and the answer is, you cannot
lead America to a positive tomorrow with revenge on one's mind. Revenge is so
incredibly negative. And so to answer your question, I'm going to win because
people sense my heart, know my sense of optimism and know where I want to lead
the country. And I tease people by saying, 'A leader, you can't say, follow me
the world is going to be worse.' I'm an optimistic person. I'm an inherently
content (fundamentalt tilfreds) person. I've got a great sense of where I want
to lead and I'm comfortable with why I'm running (hvorfor jeg stiller op). And,
you know, the call on that speech was, beware. This is going to be a tough
campaign."—Interview with the Washington Post, March 23, 2000
"Well, that's going to be up to the
pundits(eksperterne) and the people to make up their mind. I'll tell you what
is a president for him, for example, talking about my record in the state of
Texas. I mean, he's willing to say anything in order to convince people that I haven't
had a good record in Texas." (forklar, hvorfor ”he’s willing to”
ikke er udvidet tid)
"Those who try to disrupt and destroy and hurt are really defeating ... their cause, it seems like to me," …. "I think a lot of people in the world are just kind of sick of it." (Om anti-globaliseringsdemonstranterne i Genoa 20.7.01. Seattle Times 19.7.01)
I den følgende tekst bruge udvidet tid overdrevent meget. Find eksemplerne på udvidet tid. Hvornår er det overdreven brug?
"Did you hear that?" Irene asked.
"What?" Jim was
eating his dessert.
"The radio. A man said something while the music was
still going on — something dirty."
"It's probably being a play."
"I ain't
thinking it's being a play," Irene was saying.
They were leaving the
table and taking their coffee into the living room. Irene was asking Jim to try
another station. He was turning the knob. "Have you seen my garters?" a man
said, - "my garters"?" the man was saying again. "Just button me up and I'll
find your garters," the woman said. Jim shifted to another station. "I wish you
wouldn't be leaving apple cores in the ash-trays," a man said. "I'm hating the
smell."
"This is strange," Jim said.
"Isn't it?" Irene said.
Jim
turned the knob again. "On the coast of Coromandel where the early pumpkins
blow," a woman with a pronounced English accent said, "in the middle of the
woods lived the Yonghy-Bonghy-Bo: Two old chairs, and half a candle, one old jug
without a handle..."
"My God!" Irene cried. "That's being the Sweeneys'
nurse."
"These were all his worldly goods," the British voice continued.
"Turn that thing off," Irene said. "Maybe they can hear us."
Jim
switched the radio off. "That was Miss Armstrong, the Sweeneys' nurse," Irene
said. "She must be reading to the little girl. They live in 17-B. I've talked
with Miss Armstrong in the Park. I know her voice very well. We must be getting
other people's apartments." "That's impossible," Jim said.
"Well, that was
the Sweeneys' nurse," Irene was saying hotly. "I know her voice. I'm knowing it
very well. I'm wondering if they can hear us."
Jim turned the switch. First
from a distance and then nearer, nearer, as if borne on the wind, were coming
the pure accents of the Sweeneys' nurse again:"Lady Jingly'. Lady Jingly!" she
said, "Sitting where the pumpkins blow, will you come and be my wife, said the
Yonghy-Bonghy-Bo..."
Jim went over to the radio and said "Hello" loudly into
the speaker.
"I am tired of living singly," the nurse was going on, "On
this coast so wild and shingly, I'm a-weary of my life; if you'll come and be my
wife, quite serene would be my life..."
"I guess she can't hear us," Irene
said. "Try something else."
Jim turned to another station, and the
living room was filled with the uproar of a cocktail party that had overshot its
mark. Someone was playing the piano and singing the Whiffenpoof Song, and the
voices that surrounded the piano were vehement and happy. "Eat some more
sandwiches," a woman shrieked. There were screams of laughter and a dish of some
sort crashed to the floor.